Mestrado em Sistemas Integrados de Apoio à Decisão / Business Intelligence (2ªEd-ISCTE-07/08)

quinta-feira, 22 de novembro de 2007

Variáveis e Regras “Fuzzy”

Quando nos deparamos com um problema, cujas soluções possíveis não se possam traduzir por um conjunto que assuma valores bem definidos (“crisp”), mas antes, por valores vagos (“fuzzy”) cuja solução apenas garante um determinado grau de pertença aos elementos desse conjunto, a utilização da lógica difusa (“fuzzy logic”) permite lidar com estas incertezas.

No projecto em desenvolvimento na cadeira de GPDW, existe a necessidade de obter um conjunto de indicadores que reflictam a eficiência da actividade clínica do Health Care Hospital. Estes indicadores deverão corresponder a métricas utilizadas na área hospitalar, que pela sua natureza, aferem comportamentos de boas práticas e uma boa rentabilização dos recursos disponíveis, como por exemplo, o facto de no período do dia entre as 13 e as 20 Horas, diminuírem drasticamente o número de consultas realizadas.

Retirámos alguns exemplos de indicadores de gestão, em que se observa a existência de um comportamento difuso.


Individualmente, estes indicadores são quantificáveis de uma forma inequívoca, mas uma vez agrupados de forma a reflectirem um determinado grau de eficiência (grande ou pequena eficiência) nas actividades hospitalares correspondentes, ficamos perante um problema de indefinição de valores. Numa escala de 0% a 100%, como iremos classificar estes indicadores quanto à sua eficiência? Bom, cada um terá o seu valor “crisp” em função dos dados, da métrica de cálculo e da dimensão temporal em análise. E relativamente à dimensão eficiência?

Recorrendo à “Lógica Difusa”, e tentando não pormenorizar em demasia o âmbito deste indicadores, poderemos definir intervalos percentuais de eficiência adequados às características de cada um, onde nitidamente teríamos zonas em que as percentagens corresponderiam a “grande eficiência” e “pequena eficiência”, mas haveria entre estas, outras zonas percentuais intermédias (zonas difusas), que poderiam corresponder a “não tão grande eficiência” e “não tão pequena eficiência”.

Desta forma, seria possível classificar correctamente cada indicador, quanto ao seu grau de pertença ou de pertinência em relação ao conjunto “difuso” correspondente, conforme se pode observar no exemplo abaixo.
por:
Fernanda Romão, João Guerreiro e Paulo Batista

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Eagle of grey ursine 92- 103
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Before grey Xiong Benjie 13 cast break completely, when still having 6 minutes of 26 seconds till this section, just by cast in Landuofu procurable, and the attack wave that eagle has made a 11-0 before this, preceded with 69-48 21 minutes. After 3 pass, grey bear can chase after score 62-80 only.
Last eagle narrows difference for a time, but wind a day feebly.
Trailblazer 99- calf 105
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Trailblazer (25-4) 2 Lian Sheng is stopped. Lamakusi - Aerdeliji took 27 minutes 10 backboard, wei Sili - Matthews 21 minutes, damian - Lilade 19 minutes of 6 second secondary attack, JJ- Xi Kesen 14 minutes 10 backboard.
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Two teams still are hit very intensely today, first half calf lags behind with 57-61. When the 3rd will end, in getting stuck to be cast especially 3 minutes, chase after score 80-82.
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Wociniyaji chooses wrong lever after all, be afraid only Maikeluoyi knows, but maiden show returns the caddie of cummer is to make Maikeluoyi a little awkward. The 9th hole when, maikeluoyi gave cummer the chance of bully, biff of Dan Woci do all one can has ten only however, small Bai Qiu enters water directly. Interesting is, maikeluoyi ever was in the past before media Wociniyaji has fierce boast extremely golf endowment, practice a ball game can not use 7 iron hit 120 steadily to a month. Look nowadays, have moisture content quite it seems that.
Perhaps be for the atmosphere before brisk competition, " golf daily " evil still did wheat and Wo Ci this quite tall to person energy of life sweethearts. Well-known, mai Keluo Yi is shorter than Wociniyaji 2 centimeters or so, if Wociniyaji puts on high-heeled shoes, this height difference is achieved probably 8 go to 10 centimeters. This newspaper chose the picture that a piece of two people shop together, wociniyaji was worn at that time double " hate overhead is high " , staying " dawdle head " wheat appears low immediately altitude. " golf daily " say wheat wants to match with height of Wo Ci Ni Yaji, have 3 kinds of methods only: Wigged, Rangwoci curiums heel and of Mu learning soup overcome Lu Si.
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